Operatorzy lotniczy i zarządzające nimi kraje
14 lipca 2021 r. Komisja Europejska przyjęła szereg wniosków ustawodawczych, w których określa, w jaki sposób zamierza osiągnąć neutralność klimatyczną w UE do 2050 r., w tym cel pośredni zakładający redukcję emisji gazów cieplarnianych netto o co najmniej 55 proc. do 2030 r. W pakiecie zaproponowano przegląd różnych aktów prawnych UE w dziedzinie klimatu, między innymi dotyczących unijnego systemu handlu uprawnieniami do emisji, rozporządzenia w sprawie wspólnego wysiłku redukcyjnego oraz przepisów dotyczących transportu i użytkowania gruntów. W pakiecie określono realistyczne metody, za pomocą których Komisji zamierza osiągnąć cele klimatyczne UE wyznaczone w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu.
Aby unijny system handlu uprawnieniami do emisji (EU ETS) mógł działać skutecznie, monitorowanie i zgłaszanie poziomów emisji gazów cieplarnianych musi przebiegać rzetelnie, przejrzyście i spójnie.

Roczny cykl weryfikacji zgodności
Coroczna procedura monitorowania, zgłaszania i weryfikacji poziomów emisji, wraz z wszystkimi powiązanymi procesami, jest znana pod nazwą cyklu weryfikacji zgodności systemu ETS.
Operatorzy instalacji przemysłowych i linii lotniczych objęci systemem EU ETS muszą posiadać zatwierdzony plan monitorowania i zgłaszania rocznych poziomów emisji. Plan ten jest również częścią pozwolenia na eksploatację wymaganego w przypadku instalacji przemysłowych.
Co roku operatorzy muszą przedkładać sprawozdania na temat wielkości emisji. Dane dotyczące konkretnego roku muszą zostać sprawdzone przez akredytowanego weryfikatora do 31 marca następnego roku. Po weryfikacji operatorzy mają obowiązek umorzyć równoważną liczbę uprawnień do 30 kwietnia tego roku.
Zasady dotyczące cyklu weryfikacji zgodności określono w dwóch rozporządzeniach:
Doradztwo i wsparcie
W ramach wspierania efektywnego funkcjonowania administracji i ujednoliconego podejścia w krajach uczestniczących w systemie ETS Komisja Europejska udostępnia wzory stanowiące podstawę:
- planów monitorowania
- rocznych raportów na temat wielkości emisji (w tym raportów dotyczących tonokilometrów, sporządzanych przez operatorów statków powietrznych)
- sprawozdań z weryfikacji
- sprawozdań dotyczących udoskonaleń.
Ponadto publikowane są wytyczne, przykłady i inne narzędzia, aby ułatwić prawidłowe zrozumienie wymogów rozporządzeń, a także promować bardziej zharmonizowane i opłacalne stosowanie ich we wszystkich państwach objętych systemem EU ETS.
W zakładce Dokumenty (poniżej) można znaleźć więcej informacji, w tym przewodniki zawierające podsumowanie głównych wymogów oraz odpowiednie wytyczne, wzory, przykłady i narzędzia w odniesieniu do każdego obowiązku wypełnianego w ramach systemu EU ETS.
Dodatkowe narzędzia dla operatorów statków powietrznych
Z myślą o operatorach statków powietrznych opracowano dodatkowe narzędzia i wytyczne.
Małe podmioty uczestniczące w systemie (poniżej 25 tys. ton dwutlenku węgla rocznie) mogą:
- określić swoje zużycie paliwa i emisje dwutlenku węgla przy pomocy udostępnionego przez Eurocontrol narzędzia do uproszczonego monitorowania
- sprawdzić swoje emisje przy użyciu danych pochodzących z narzędzia wsparcia ETS (brak możliwości wprowadzenia zmian).
Komisja opublikowała również:
- wytyczne dla organów krajowych w sprawie szczegółowej interpretacji rodzajów działalności lotniczej, które są objęte zakresem EU ETS
- wytyczne dla weryfikatorów zawierające omówienie niektórych zagadnień specyficznych dla lotnictwa, w tym zwłaszcza raporty małych operatorów statków powietrznych wykonujących przewozy niezarobkowe i korzystających z narzędzia Eurocontrol przeznaczonego dla małych podmiotów uczestniczących w systemie.
Kary za przekroczenie dopuszczalnego poziomu emisji
Operatorzy objęci unijnym systemem handlu uprawnieniami do emisji (ETS) muszą co roku umarzać określoną liczbę uprawnień odpowiadającą ich emisjom w poprzednim roku. Za każdą tonę emisji, w odniesieniu do której nie umorzono uprawnień w odpowiednim czasie, nakładana jest kara w wysokości 100 euro. Kara naliczana jest niezależnie od kosztu umorzenia należnych uprawnień. Nazwy ukaranych podmiotów są podawane do wiadomości publicznej.
Od 2012 r. kara w wysokości 100 euro za tonę emisji dwutlenku węgla lub równoważną ilość dwutlenku azotu bądź perfluorowęglowodoru (gazy cieplarniane, których emisję reguluje EU ETS), wzrasta co roku zgodnie z europejskim wskaźnikiem cen konsumpcyjnych na podstawie art. 16 ust. 4 dyrektywy EU ETS. Odniesienie do europejskiego wskaźnika cen konsumpcyjnych należy rozumieć jako odniesienie do unijnego wskaźnika cen konsumpcyjnych (CPI), zharmonizowanego indeksu cen konsumpcyjnych (HICP) Unii Europejskiej lub do CPI/HICP w strefie euro.
Wskaźnikiem stosowanym do obliczania wzrostu cen konsumpcyjnych od 2012 r., zgodnie z którym kształtuje się kara w wysokości 100 euro za niezgodność z EU ETS, jest HICP (w szczególności europejski wskaźnik cen konsumpcyjnych – EICP).
Aby obliczyć, o ile wzrasta kara, można wykorzystać aktualizację kumulacyjną lub roczną. Dyrektywa EU ETS wyklucza karę poniżej 100 euro, jeżeli zmiana HICP od 2012 r. polegałaby na jego spadku.
Można korzystać z HICP opublikowanego w bazie danych EurostatuHICP (2005 = 100) – dane roczne (średni wskaźnik i tempo zmian) (prc_hicp_aind).
Documentation
Legal framework
- 01/01/2021 - 2003/87/EC - Consolidated version of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community
Regulations
- 01/01/2022 - Consolidated version of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions
- 01/01/2021- Consolidated version of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 on the verification of data and on the accreditation of verifiers
- 18/07/2019 - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards measures adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation for the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purpose of implementing a global market-based measure
- 21/06/2012 - SWD(2012) 177 - Impact Assessment accompanying the Commission Regulation 601/2012 and Commission Regulation 600/2012
Quick Guides (to relevant responsibilities and supporting documents)
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for operators of stationary installations
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for aircraft operators
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for competent authorities
- 21/03/2022 - Quick guide for verifiers
- 21/03/2022 - Quick guide for national accreditation bodies
Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (MRR): Guidance and templates
- 20/02/2023 - Guidance document No. 1 - The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation – General guidance for installations
- Template No. 1: Monitoring plan for the emissions of stationary installations
- User Manual for the AER template
- Template No. 4: Annual emissions report of stationary source installations
- 13/06/2022 - Template No. 7: Improvement report for stationary installations
- User Manual for the IR template
- Unreasonable costs determination tool
- Exemplar checklist for assessing installation MPs
- Exemplar monitoring plan
- Exemplar MRR Article 13 Simplified Monitoring Plan
- Exemplar improvement report
- Exemplar monitoring plan update
- 31/01/2022 - Guidance document No. 2 - The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation – General guidance for aircraft operators
- Template No. 2: Monitoring plan for the emissions of aircraft operators for EU ETS and CORSIA
- Template No. 3: Monitoring plan for the tonne-kilometre data of aircraft operators
- Template No. 5: Annual emissions report of aircraft operators for EU ETS, Swiss ETS, and CORSIA
- Template No. 6: Tonne-kilometre data report of aircraft operators
- Template No. 8: Improvement report for aircraft operators
- 17/10/2022 - Guidance document No. 3 - Biomass issues
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 4 - Uncertainty Assessment
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 5 - Sampling and Analysis
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 6 - Data flow activities and control system
- 24/01/2022 - Guidance document No. 8 - EU ETS Inspections
Accreditation and Verification Regulation (AVR): Guidance and templates
- 03/02/2022 - The Accreditation and Verification Regulation - Explanatory Guidance Document No.1
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.1 on the scope of verification
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.2 on risk analysis
- 20/12/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.3 on process analysis
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.4 on sampling
- 12/2020 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.5 on site visits concerning installations
- 31/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.6 on the verification report
- 09/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.7 on competence of verifiers
- 21/03/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.8 on the relation between EN ISO 14065 and AVR
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.9 on the relation between EN ISO/IEC 17011 and AVR
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.10 on information exchange
- Information exchange template No. 1 - Notification template (Article 77 AVR) from the verifier to the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority (by 15 November each year)
- Information exchange template No. 2 - Work programme (Article 71(1) AVR) from the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority to the Competent Authority (by 31 December each year)
- Information exchange template No. 3 - Management report (Article 71(3) AVR) from the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority to the Competent Authority (by 1 June each year)
- Information exchange template No. 4 - Information exchange (Article 73 AVR) from the Competent Authority to the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority (recommended by 30 September each year)
- 27/11/2017 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.11 on certification
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document – Key guidance note II.12 on time allocation in verification
- 03/02/2022 - The Accreditation and Verification Regulation - Verification Guidance for EU ETS Aviation (GD III)
Joint MRR and AVR Guidance
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No.7 – The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation and Accreditation and Verification Regulation – Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
- 20/12/2013 - Conservative estimate of emissions
- 20/12/2013 - Review of the annual emissions report and verification report
Frequently Asked Questions about MRR and AVR
- 21/03/2022 - FAQ Accreditation and Verification
- 03/02/2022 - FAQ Classification and reporting of outstanding issues in the verification report
- 20/12/2013 - FAQ Monitoring and Reporting
- 14/01/2013 - Frequently Asked Questions on problems with the MP template for installations
- 23/11/2012 - Frequently Asked Questions on problems with the MP template for aircraft operators
Training documents
- 10/2022 - MRVA training event on biomass
- 09/2020 - A&V training event: 2020 Handbook
- 16/09/2021 - Annual activity level verification
- 26/11/2020 - M&R training event: roadmap through M&R Guidance
- 27/11/2019 - M&R training event: unreasonable costs, uncertainty assessment and data gaps
- 15/11/2018 - Training on Round Robin Test
- 09/2017 - A&V Training Handbook
- 20/06/2017 - M&R training webinar on Sampling Plans
- 14-15/09/2016 - 2016 A&V training event
- 31/05/2016 - M&R training event on Uncertainty Assessment
- 08/09/2015 - A&V training event
Data exchange formats
- Description of the EU ETS reporting language
- MRV data models
- XETL XML schemas (xsl)
- Visual representations
Compliance
- Fifth EU ETS Compliance Review: Final Technical Report
- Fourth EU ETS MRAV Compliance Review: Final Report
- Fourth EU ETS MRAV Compliance Review: Annex II Country Fiches
Article 21 Reporting by Member States
- Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/919 of 8 June 2022 amending Commission Decision 2005/381/EC as regards the questionnaire for reporting on the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Explanatory Note
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2021
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2020
- Commission Implementing Decision 2014/166/EU as regards the questionnaire for reporting on the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Explanatory Note
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2019
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2018
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2017
Further tools for aviation operators
Monitoring and reporting guidelines
- 16/04/2009 - Monitoring and reporting guidelines
Verification guidance for aviation
- 30/11/2010 - EU ETS Verification Guidance for Aviation
Small emitters' tool
- 09/07/2010 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 606/2010 on the approval of a simplified tool developed by the European organisation for air safety navigation (Eurocontrol) to estimate the fuel consumption of certain small emitting aircraft operators
- Small emitters' tool developed by Eurocontrol
Guidance documents developed by Member States
- Guidance document prepared by the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
- Questions and Answers report on the initiative of the Dutch Emissions Authority (December 2008)
- Frequently asked questions, done by the Aviation Implementation Task Force
- 30/01/2023 - Technical guidance on supporting documentation required for zero-rating claims associated to sustainable biofuels for aviation in the EU ETS, prepared by the Aviation Task Force
- 30/11/2022 - Threshold and reporting obligation guidance, prepared by the Aviation Task Force
Example monitoring plans
- Example emissions monitoring plan
- Example tonne-kilometre monitoring plan
- Example emissions data flow charts
- Example tonne-kilometre data flow charts
Interpretation of aviation activities
- 01/01/2022 - Consolidated version of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions
- 01/01/2021- Consolidated version of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2067 on the verification of data and on the accreditation of verifiers
- 18/07/2019 - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards measures adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation for the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purpose of implementing a global market-based measure
- 21/06/2012 - SWD(2012) 177 - Impact Assessment accompanying the Commission Regulation 601/2012 and Commission Regulation 600/2012
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for operators of stationary installations
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for aircraft operators
- 01/03/2022 - Quick guide for competent authorities
- 21/03/2022 - Quick guide for verifiers
- 21/03/2022 - Quick guide for national accreditation bodies
- 20/02/2023 - Guidance document No. 1 - The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation – General guidance for installations
- Template No. 1: Monitoring plan for the emissions of stationary installations
- User Manual for the AER template
- Template No. 4: Annual emissions report of stationary source installations
- 13/06/2022 - Template No. 7: Improvement report for stationary installations
- User Manual for the IR template
- Unreasonable costs determination tool
- Exemplar checklist for assessing installation MPs
- Exemplar monitoring plan
- Exemplar MRR Article 13 Simplified Monitoring Plan
- Exemplar improvement report
- Exemplar monitoring plan update
- 29/05/2023 - Guidance document No. 2 - The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation – General guidance for aircraft operators
- Template No. 2: Monitoring plan for the emissions of aircraft operators for EU ETS and CORSIA
- Template No. 3: Monitoring plan for the tonne-kilometre data of aircraft operators
- Template No. 5: Annual emissions report of aircraft operators for EU ETS, Swiss ETS, and CORSIA
- Template No. 6: Tonne-kilometre data report of aircraft operators
- Template No. 8: Improvement report for aircraft operators
- 17/10/2022 - Guidance document No. 3 - Biomass issues
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 4 - Uncertainty Assessment
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 5 - Sampling and Analysis
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No. 6 - Data flow activities and control system
- 24/01/2022 - Guidance document No. 8 - EU ETS Inspections
- 03/02/2022 - The Accreditation and Verification Regulation - Explanatory Guidance Document No.1
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.1 on the scope of verification
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.2 on risk analysis
- 20/12/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.3 on process analysis
- 03/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.4 on sampling
- 12/2020 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.5 on site visits concerning installations
- 31/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.6 on the verification report
- 09/02/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.7 on competence of verifiers
- 21/03/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.8 on the relation between EN ISO 14065 and AVR
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.9 on the relation between EN ISO/IEC 17011 and AVR
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.10 on information exchange
- Information exchange template No. 1 - Notification template (Article 77 AVR) from the verifier to the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority (by 15 November each year)
- Information exchange template No. 2 - Work programme (Article 71(1) AVR) from the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority to the Competent Authority (by 31 December each year)
- Information exchange template No. 3 - Management report (Article 71(3) AVR) from the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority to the Competent Authority (by 1 June each year)
- Information exchange template No. 4 - Information exchange (Article 73 AVR) from the Competent Authority to the National Accreditation Body/National Certification Authority (recommended by 30 September each year)
- 27/11/2017 - Guidance document - Key guidance note II.11 on certification
- 10/01/2022 - Guidance document – Key guidance note II.12 on time allocation in verification
- 03/02/2022 - The Accreditation and Verification Regulation - Verification Guidance for EU ETS Aviation (GD III)
- 07/10/2021 - Guidance document No.7 – The Monitoring and Reporting Regulation and Accreditation and Verification Regulation – Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
- 20/12/2013 - Conservative estimate of emissions
- 20/12/2013 - Review of the annual emissions report and verification report
- 21/03/2022 - FAQ Accreditation and Verification
- 03/02/2022 - FAQ Classification and reporting of outstanding issues in the verification report
- 20/12/2013 - FAQ Monitoring and Reporting
- 14/01/2013 - Frequently Asked Questions on problems with the MP template for installations
- 23/11/2012 - Frequently Asked Questions on problems with the MP template for aircraft operators
- 05/2023 - MRVA training event on biomass
- 09/2020 - A&V training event: 2020 Handbook
- 16/09/2021 - Annual activity level verification
- 26/11/2020 - M&R training event: roadmap through M&R Guidance
- 27/11/2019 - M&R training event: unreasonable costs, uncertainty assessment and data gaps
- 15/11/2018 - Training on Round Robin Test
- 09/2017 - A&V Training Handbook
- 20/06/2017 - M&R training webinar on Sampling Plans
- 14-15/09/2016 - 2016 A&V training event
- 31/05/2016 - M&R training event on Uncertainty Assessment
- 08/09/2015 - A&V training event
- Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/919 of 8 June 2022 amending Commission Decision 2005/381/EC as regards the questionnaire for reporting on the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Explanatory Note
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2022
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2021
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2020
- Commission Implementing Decision 2014/166/EU as regards the questionnaire for reporting on the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Explanatory Note
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2019
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2018
- Analysis of national responses under Article 21 of the EU ETS Directive in 2017
Monitoring and reporting guidelines
- 16/04/2009 - Monitoring and reporting guidelines
Verification guidance for aviation
- 30/11/2010 - EU ETS Verification Guidance for Aviation
Small emitters' tool
- 09/07/2010 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 606/2010 on the approval of a simplified tool developed by the European organisation for air safety navigation (Eurocontrol) to estimate the fuel consumption of certain small emitting aircraft operators
- Small emitters' tool developed by Eurocontrol
Guidance documents developed by Member States
- Guidance document prepared by the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
- Questions and Answers report on the initiative of the Dutch Emissions Authority (December 2008)
- Frequently asked questions, done by the Aviation Implementation Task Force
- 30/01/2023 - Technical guidance on supporting documentation required for zero-rating claims associated to sustainable biofuels for aviation in the EU ETS, prepared by the Aviation Task Force
- 30/11/2022 - Threshold and reporting obligation guidance, prepared by the Aviation Task Force
Example monitoring plans
- Example emissions monitoring plan
- Example tonne-kilometre monitoring plan
- Example emissions data flow charts
- Example tonne-kilometre data flow charts